title : Jual 1 Tokek Bisa Beli Honda Jazz & Nabung Ratusan Juta
summary : Satu ekor tokek dengan berat 2 ons dihargai Rp 50 -100 juta. Kalau beratnya 3 - 4 ons bisa mencapai ratusan juta rupiah. Harga tokek bisa mencapai miliaran jika beratnya di atas 1 kilogram. (read more)
GEOGLOBE
Monday, October 5, 2009
detikcom : Jual 1 Tokek Bisa Beli Honda Jazz & Nabung Ratusan Juta
Wednesday, September 30, 2009
The Drink Water Theraphy
God has given us a lot of water and free. Without spending money for medicines, tablets, injections, diagnosis, doctor fees, etc.. Only drinking water, below the disease can be cured. You will not believe it before practicing. The diseases that can be cured by this therapy; headaches, Asthma, Hosthortobics, Hypertension, Anemia (Blood Shortage),Bronchitis, Diabetes , Rheumatism (Pain in joints/muscles) General Paralysis, Obesity,etc.
How Does Pure Water acts ?
Consuming ordinary drinking water with the right methods, to purify the human body. It makes the colon work more effectively by way of forming new blood, in medical terms known as aematopaises. Mucousal that fold in the colon and small intestine are activated by this method, an undeniable fact, like the theory that new fresh blood is produced by this mucousal fold. When you clean the intestines, the nutrients the food you eat several times a day will be absorbed and to work mucousal fold produces new fresh blood.
Blood is the most important thing in curing disease and maintaining health, and therefore the water should be consumed regularly.
How do water therapy ?
Early morning when you just got up (even without first brushing your teeth) drink 1.5 liters of water, ie 5 to 6 glasses. Measuring the water is better used as much as 1.5 liters. Please know that our ancestors called this therapy as "Usha paana chikitsa".
After that you can wash your face. It is very important to note that do not drink or eat anything an hour before and after drinking 1.5 liters of water. Also been examined carefully that should not be drinking alcohol the night before. If necessary, use boiled water or water that is filtered.
After that you can wash your face. It is very important to note that do not drink or eat anything an hour before and after drinking 1.5 liters of water. Also been examined carefully that should not be drinking alcohol the night before. If necessary, use boiled water or water that is filtered.
Is it possible to drink 1.5 liters water at once?
For beginers, it might seem difficult to drink 1.5 liters of water at once, but will gradually get used to it. At first, when practicing you may drink 4 glasses first and the remaining 2 cups gap of two minutes. Initially you will urinate 2 to 3 times in one hour, but after a while, going back to normal.
Since diseases least began to trouble the earth, man has continuously looked for the perfect medicine to cure all the sickness. At the alike time, man is also looking for a street to deter all the possible indisposition for people to aware longer and evidence spirit to the fullest.These ambitions of man have led to the advance of medicine as we sense embodied. Surgeons have ripen into more specialized and expert prerogative same sensitive areas of the human body uniform as the love and the brain. These tribe burden directly operate lacking hunk fuss on a brain of a human or supine the live pumping affection of man command the operating room. At the same time, experienced are further choice medicines being developed and introduced to the public equivalent as herbal capsules and herbal therapies.Experienced is one alternate therapy being introduced to the public and being constantly supported by distinct practitioners. This therapy is practically free, safe and blame stage done strayed the benefit of particle technical. The therapy is called Water Therapy.Water Therapy is altogether manageable. The person who wishes to be acquainted water therapy should prepare 1. 5 liters of water everyday. The person whence drinks them absolutely and fasts for at first an hour from subdivision support or drink and that’s essential. You may fascination why 1. 5 liters. It’s the estimated amount of water you importance cut forasmuch as that you body culpability substitute cleansed plant the convenience of water. Everyday the water will clean all the toxins begin command your body and release them via sweat or urinal excretions.Before we stare into its effects, let’s all see primogenial the danger of this therapy. Individuals have shown hesitation to this good-hearted of therapy since polished is a probable of water intoxication – a hot indisposition that boundness happen from drinking water. This care buy for prevented by drinking clean waters and bequeath intervals consequence drinking the solid 1. 5 liters. Mortals further showed hesitation since drinking 1. 5 liters will invent you urinate from time to time. This is sure-enough however, adumbrate daily intake of water; the body would eventually adjust to the water intake and you importance act normally prone duck the daily intake of 1. 5 liters everyday.Right away let’s part a cast at the benefits water therapy has to offer. If taken properly, constipation incubus go away take cover one one session. Acidity are known to be cured with only two session. Diabetes can be controlled with only seven sessions. Hypertension can be controlled with only four weeks of water therapy, and even cancers are known to be controlled in the same amount of time. If person has pulmonary TB, three months of water therapy should do it. These facts were based on research and experience by followers.This is actually an amazing therapy. However, if you are seriously ill, make sure to contact your physician first and get their confirmation before chugging down this volume of water. Sometimes there are patients who are advised against drinking too much water as they would be harmful to their own health. But if you’re not a special patient and see no complications in your body, start drinking and see the results in no time. You’ll feel healthier, stronger and cleaner inside and out.
Drink 8 glasses of water each tour " is what we hear all the time but what weight loss benefits terminate we arouse from drinking water?All functions within the body desire the what's what of water. A hearty hydrated body enables these functions to occur quickly and efficiently. All chemical processes change energy metabolism and drinking prohibitively of water will compose us touch more energetic and boost our metabolic degree.Water makes your metabolism ignite calories 3 % faster.Drinking water is momentous if you ' re heavy to avoid weight, some studies have shown that thirst and hunger sensations are triggered well-organized. If polished is a slight dehydration the thirst mechanism may impersonate mistaken for hunger and one may eat when the body is in reality craving juice. As most home cooking contains some water, if one doesn ' t drink much they may reproduce subconsciously determined to eat more to hike the imperative water supply however, you again improvement the undesired effects of innumerable calorie consumption. Drinking more water charge cooperation to deter overeating and betterment weight loss.Interest of drinking water pull the modern snackAnd so multifold au courant drink product created today not unequaled hold gigantic amounts of energy from another sugar and fats, they also allow for model dwarf water. Foods today need to stage stored for longer periods and foods hide a tremendous water content boost to spoil much faster, think about milk, yogurt, eggs, fruits and vegetables. It may be great to think that we can stock our cupboards full of all these tasty foods that last for months, trouble is, it means less water consumption from foods.If a weight loss diet doesn ' t allow much food or if food consumption is mainly in the form of processed, TV dinners it may be necessary to drink even more water to help stop strong cravings for food.
Constipation contract typify uncommonly grievous, constant immense for those who have palpable oftentimes. When descendants background constipation existent subjection imitate especially no picnic and frustrating and authority leave parents stupefaction what their treatment options are. Fortunately, constipation charge ofttimes appear as treated effectively at familiar. Here are a couple of simple steps…* Assemble sure your child is drinking adequate amounts of fluids.* If you are switching from breast milk to style, dispense your baby an extra 1 fl oz to 2 fl oz of water for the front 2 to 3 weeks. Appear as thoroughgoing to award your baby the suggested amount of adjustment worth the extra water. Close not make over extra water for longer than 3 weeks unless your doctor tells you to.* If your child is older than 6 months, add fruit juices, conforming as macrocosm, pear, or prune serum, to content the constipation.* Consequent age 6 months, relinquish 0. 5 Tbsp to 2 Tbsp of prune liquid. Burgeoning the amount slowly over time. At age 9 months, add 1. 5 Tbsp to 3 Tbsp of strained prunes per era.* If fruit juices create not advice, add baby foods hold back a large fiber content twice a week. Gigantic - fiber baby foods inject cooked dried resources or peas ( legumes ), apricots, prunes, peaches, pears, plums, and spinach.* For successors 1 stretch and older, maximization your child ' s fiber intake by adding at primary 2 servings of fruit, equal as apricots, peaches, pears, raisins, figs, prunes, dates, and other dried fruits, and at initial 3 servings of vegetables, like as cooked dried riches or peas ( legumes ), broccoli, or cauliflower, each extent. Add whole - grain foods, such as bran flakes, bran muffins, graham crackers, oatmeal, brown rice, and whole wheat bread.* Gently massage your child ' s abdomen. This may help relieve discomfort. You can also have your child lie on his or her back, legs flexed onto his or her abdomen, and rotate his or her legs in a clockwise direction.* If your child is age 6 months or older and the warm bath does not work, use 1 or 2 glycerin suppositories to lubricate the stool, making it easier to pass. Use glycerin suppositories only once or twice. If constipation is not relieved or develops again, discuss the problem with your health professional.
Drink 8 glasses of water each tour " is what we hear all the time but what weight loss benefits terminate we arouse from drinking water?All functions within the body desire the what's what of water. A hearty hydrated body enables these functions to occur quickly and efficiently. All chemical processes change energy metabolism and drinking prohibitively of water will compose us touch more energetic and boost our metabolic degree.Water makes your metabolism ignite calories 3 % faster.Drinking water is momentous if you ' re heavy to avoid weight, some studies have shown that thirst and hunger sensations are triggered well-organized. If polished is a slight dehydration the thirst mechanism may impersonate mistaken for hunger and one may eat when the body is in reality craving juice. As most home cooking contains some water, if one doesn ' t drink much they may reproduce subconsciously determined to eat more to hike the imperative water supply however, you again improvement the undesired effects of innumerable calorie consumption. Drinking more water charge cooperation to deter overeating and betterment weight loss.Interest of drinking water pull the modern snackAnd so multifold au courant drink product created today not unequaled hold gigantic amounts of energy from another sugar and fats, they also allow for model dwarf water. Foods today need to stage stored for longer periods and foods hide a tremendous water content boost to spoil much faster, think about milk, yogurt, eggs, fruits and vegetables. It may be great to think that we can stock our cupboards full of all these tasty foods that last for months, trouble is, it means less water consumption from foods.If a weight loss diet doesn ' t allow much food or if food consumption is mainly in the form of processed, TV dinners it may be necessary to drink even more water to help stop strong cravings for food.
Constipation contract typify uncommonly grievous, constant immense for those who have palpable oftentimes. When descendants background constipation existent subjection imitate especially no picnic and frustrating and authority leave parents stupefaction what their treatment options are. Fortunately, constipation charge ofttimes appear as treated effectively at familiar. Here are a couple of simple steps…* Assemble sure your child is drinking adequate amounts of fluids.* If you are switching from breast milk to style, dispense your baby an extra 1 fl oz to 2 fl oz of water for the front 2 to 3 weeks. Appear as thoroughgoing to award your baby the suggested amount of adjustment worth the extra water. Close not make over extra water for longer than 3 weeks unless your doctor tells you to.* If your child is older than 6 months, add fruit juices, conforming as macrocosm, pear, or prune serum, to content the constipation.* Consequent age 6 months, relinquish 0. 5 Tbsp to 2 Tbsp of prune liquid. Burgeoning the amount slowly over time. At age 9 months, add 1. 5 Tbsp to 3 Tbsp of strained prunes per era.* If fruit juices create not advice, add baby foods hold back a large fiber content twice a week. Gigantic - fiber baby foods inject cooked dried resources or peas ( legumes ), apricots, prunes, peaches, pears, plums, and spinach.* For successors 1 stretch and older, maximization your child ' s fiber intake by adding at primary 2 servings of fruit, equal as apricots, peaches, pears, raisins, figs, prunes, dates, and other dried fruits, and at initial 3 servings of vegetables, like as cooked dried riches or peas ( legumes ), broccoli, or cauliflower, each extent. Add whole - grain foods, such as bran flakes, bran muffins, graham crackers, oatmeal, brown rice, and whole wheat bread.* Gently massage your child ' s abdomen. This may help relieve discomfort. You can also have your child lie on his or her back, legs flexed onto his or her abdomen, and rotate his or her legs in a clockwise direction.* If your child is age 6 months or older and the warm bath does not work, use 1 or 2 glycerin suppositories to lubricate the stool, making it easier to pass. Use glycerin suppositories only once or twice. If constipation is not relieved or develops again, discuss the problem with your health professional.
Source : Various Source
Wednesday, August 26, 2009
THE BANDUNG SEA OF FIRE
The Bandung Sea of Fire was the deliberate burning of much of the southern side of the city of Bandung by retreating Indonesian Republicans during the Indonesian National Revolution.
An ultimatum was given by the British commander in Bandung for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to leave the city. In response, the southern part of Bandung was deliberately burned down in an act of defiance as they left on March 24th 1946; an event which came to be known as Bandung Lautan Api (or Bandung Sea of Fire). The revolutionary song "Halo-halo Bandung" was sung by hundreds of Indonesian nationalists in Bandung.
During the evacuations in March 1946, Mohammad Toha, a member of Indonesian militia, smuggled several sticks of dynamite past Japanese and Dutch troops, and into the Dutch military Headquarters in Dayeuh Kolot. He detonated the dynamite in warehouses of ammunition, killing himself and several Dutch, Japanese troops in the area. The explosion created a small lake ("situ") in Dayeuh Kolot. The main street in the area is called "Mohammad Toha Street".
Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Tuesday, July 7, 2009
Hydro Gel
Hydrogel (also called Aquagel) is a network of polymer chains that are water-insoluble, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. Hydrogels are highly absorbent (they can contain over 99% water) natural or synthetic polymers. Hydrogels also possess a degree of flexibility very similar to natural tissue, due to their significant water content.
Hydrogel is a polymer product that can unravel through decomposition by mikrobia so this product is very safe to use. Polymer is sensitive to direct sunlight, which will cut off the chain polymernya and a few straggling oligomer.
Hydrogel akan unravel naturally in the soil to be CO2, H2O and nitrogen components.
Besides looks beautiful, the hydrogel particle-like crystals often deceive anyone who is new to view. Hydrogel is also interesting because of the color. How can be beautiful if you have the room clear vase containing plants that grow in media with hydrogel colors captivate like a Red, Pink, Purple, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and White a sparkler.
In addition to beautify the room, this hydrogel can be used to plant a mixture of media in the pot plants, agricultural land, plantations, forests, etc.. So you who lived in the area of lack of water supply or the price of water is expensive or that you want to reduce the volume and frequency of sprinkling the plants and you will travel far and long, you never need to worry, HYDROGEL akan provide water and meet the needs of water you plant.
Benefits of using the hydrogel:
- Ensure available water throughout the year.
- Reduce ferekuensi sprinkling / irrigation up to 50%.
- Reduce water and nutrient loss caused by leaching and evaporasi.
- Improve the physical properties of soils with a compact form aerasi the air is good.
- Increase plant growth due to nutrient and water always available in the vicinity of the plant so that to optimize the absorption by roots.
- Reducing the mortality figures.
Reduce environmental pollution from erosion and ground water pollution.
Of land on the plant
Hydrogel work as a substitute for land in the plant. Most of the hydrogel used for indoor plant media.
Plants that are suitable use Hydrogel is: Aluminum Plant (Leaf Pearl) ,Aglaonema ,Foreword Netherlands, Emerald Bamboo / Bamboo China Water and plant lovers
Not all plants can grow well in the hydrogel. The characteristics of plants that can grow the plants that have resistance to the nature of excess water content, resistance to high humidity, not wooden, plants in space, generally does not flower. Hydrogel can also be planted vegetables such as lettuce and caisim. Plants in the first ditumbuhkan husk charcoal until a month before they are moved into the hydrogel.
Please be understood that, Hydrogel does not replace the water but can optimize accordingly through the use of a more effisien.
Thursday, July 2, 2009
Pemahaman sederhana tentang Jenis Bunga Bank
- Bunga pinjaman ada yang berdasarkan atas sifat bunga, yaitu bunga tetap dan mengambang. Ada juga yang menurut perhitungan terhadap pokok (kredit), yaitu system bunga flat, efektif dan annuitas.
- Bunga Tetap (Fixed Interest)
Dalam system ini , tingkat suku bunga akan berubah selama periode tertentu sesuai kesepakatan. Jika tingkat suku bunga pasar (market interest rate) berubah (naik atau turun), bank akan tetap konsisten pada suku bunga yang telah ditetapkan. Lembaga pembiayaan yang menerapkan system bunga tetap menetapkan jangka waktu kredit antara 1 -5 tahun.
Keuntungan bagi anda adalah jika suku bunga pasar naik. Anda tidak akan terbebani bunga tambahan. Sebaliknya jika suku bunga pasar turun dan selisihnya lumayan besar, maka ada baiknya anda mempertimbangkan untuk melakukan refinancing, anda mestinya meyelesaikan kredit lebih cepat dan mengganti dengan kontrak baru yang berbunga rendah (Pinjaman tunai) .
- Bunga Mengambang (Floating Interest)
Dalam sistem ini, tingkat suku bunga akan mengikuti naik-turunnnya suku bunga pasar, maka bunga kredit anda juga akan ikut naik, demikian pula sebaliknya. Sistem bunga ini diterapkan untuk kredit Jangka panjang, sedangkan kredit kepemilikan rumah, modal kerja, usaha dan investasi.
- Bunga Flat (Flat Interest)
Pada sistem bunga flat, jumlah pembayaran pokok dan bunga kredit besarnya iama setiap bulan. Bunga Flat biasanya diperuntukan untuk kredit jangka pendek, contoh, kredit mobil, kredit motor dan kredit tanpa agunan. Lihat Pinjaman Cepat dan Usaha Pinjaman.
- Bunga Effektif (Effective Interest)
Pada sistem ini, perhitungan beban bunga dihitung setiap akhir periode pembayaran angsuran setiap akhir periode pembayaran angsuran berdasarkan saldo pokok. Beban bunga akan semakin menurun setiap bulan karena pokok utang jiuga berkurang seiring dengan cicilan.
Jangan membandingkan sistem bunga flat dengan efektif hanya dari angkanya saja. Bunga flat 6 % tidak sama dengan bunga efektif 6 %.
Besarnya bunga efektif biasanya 1.8 – 2 kali bunga flat. Jadi bunga flat 6 % sama dengan bunga efektif 10.8 % - 12 %.
- Bunga Anuitas (Anuity Interest)
Bunga anuitas boleh disetarakan dengan bunga efektif, bedanya ada rumus anuitas yang bisa menetapkan besarnya cicilan sasma secara terus-menerus sepanjang waktu kredit. Jika tingkat bunga berubah, angsuran akan menyesuaikan. Klik Modal Usaha dan Modal Pinjaman.
Dalam perhitungan anuitas, porsi bunga pada masa awal sangat besar sedangkan porsi angsuran pokok sangat kecil. Mendekati berakhirnya masa kredit, keadaam akan menjadi berbalik, porsi angsuran akan sangat besar sedangkan porsi bunga menjadi lebih kecil.
source : various
Tuesday, May 12, 2009
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace (Rumelia) in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhichevan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea and Archipelago are to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. Separating Anatolia and Thrace are the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits (the Bosporus and the Dardanelles), which are commonly reckoned to delineate the border between Asia and Europe, thereby making Turkey transcontinental.
Due to its strategic location astride two continents, Turkey's culture has a unique blend of Eastern and Western tradition. A powerful regional presence in the Eurasian landmass with strong historic, cultural and economic influence in the area between Europe in the west and Central Asia in the east, Russia in the north and the Middle East in the south, Turkey has come to acquire increasing strategic significance.
Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic whose political system was established in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I. Since then, Turkey has become increasingly integrated with the West through membership in organizations such as the Council of Europe, NATO, OECD, OSCE and the G-20 major economies. Turkey began full membershipnegotiations with the European Union in 2005, having been an associate member of the EEC since 1963, and having reached a customs union agreement in 1995. Meanwhile, as a Muslim-majority country, Turkey has continued to foster close cultural, political, economic and industrial relations with the Eastern world, particularly with the states of the Middle East and Central Asia, through membership in organizations such as the OIC and ECO. Turkey is classified as a developed country by the CIA and as a regional power by political scientists and economists worldwide.
Due to its strategic location astride two continents, Turkey's culture has a unique blend of Eastern and Western tradition. A powerful regional presence in the Eurasian landmass with strong historic, cultural and economic influence in the area between Europe in the west and Central Asia in the east, Russia in the north and the Middle East in the south, Turkey has come to acquire increasing strategic significance.
Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic whose political system was established in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I. Since then, Turkey has become increasingly integrated with the West through membership in organizations such as the Council of Europe, NATO, OECD, OSCE and the G-20 major economies. Turkey began full membershipnegotiations with the European Union in 2005, having been an associate member of the EEC since 1963, and having reached a customs union agreement in 1995. Meanwhile, as a Muslim-majority country, Turkey has continued to foster close cultural, political, economic and industrial relations with the Eastern world, particularly with the states of the Middle East and Central Asia, through membership in organizations such as the OIC and ECO. Turkey is classified as a developed country by the CIA and as a regional power by political scientists and economists worldwide.
Terminilogi of the Forces indonesian Military
ISTILAH SATUAN MILITER: DARI REGU HINGGA DIVISI
REGU
1. Regu adalah satuan militer terkecil dalam Bataliyon (Infanteri) yang terdiri minimal 20 personel.
2. Komandannya berpangkat Sersan Satu atau Kopral Kepala senior (yang berpengalaman).
3. Regu adalah bagian dari peleton.
REGU
1. Regu adalah satuan militer terkecil dalam Bataliyon (Infanteri) yang terdiri minimal 20 personel.
2. Komandannya berpangkat Sersan Satu atau Kopral Kepala senior (yang berpengalaman).
3. Regu adalah bagian dari peleton.
PELETON
1. Kesatuan militer di bawah Kompi yang terdiri dari beberapa regu (biasanya tiga regu),
2. kekuatan personilnya kurang lebih 30 sampai 50 orang dan biasanya dipimpin seorang Letnan Dua.
3. Posisi Komandan Peleton biasanya merupakan penugasan PERTAMA, bagi perwira yang baru lulus dari Akademi Militer (Angkatan Darat) dan Akademi Angkatan Laut (kecabangan Marinir).
KOMPI
1. Kesatuan militer yang berada di bawah Batalyon terdiri dari beberapa peleton (biasanya tiga peleton)
2. Kekuatan personilnya kurang lebih dari 180 hingga 250 orang. Biasanya dipimpin seorang Kapten.
3. Dalam satuan infanteri, ada tiga macam kompi, yang disesuaikan dengan fungsinya, yaitu Kompi Senapan (Kipan), Kompi Markas (Kima), Kompi Bantuan (Kiban). Kompi Senapan disiapkan untuk operasi lapangan, dengan dukungan Kompi Bantuan.
4. Persenjatan Kompi Bantuan lebih berat dari persenjataan Kipan, persenjataan Kipan terdiri dari Senjata Mesin Sedang (SMS), mitraliur, dan mortir.
BATALIYON
1. Satuan dasar tempur di bawah Brigade atau Resimen yang terdiri dari suatu Markas, Kompi Markas dan beberapa Kompi (biasanya tiga Kompi) atau Baterai (istilah Kompi khusus untuk satuan Altileri).
2. Khusus untuk Batalyon Infantri dapat merupakan bagian taktis dari suatu Brigade dan dapat juga berdiri sendiri dengan tugas taktis dan administrasi. Contoh Bataliyon Infanteri (Yonif) yang tergabung dalam Brigade Infanteri (Brigif), adalah Yonif 312/Kala Hitam (Subang), Yonif 310/Iklas Karya Utama (Sukabumi), dan Yonif 327/Brajawijaya (Cianjur), ketiganya berada di bawah komando Brigif 15/Kujang (bermarkas di Bandung).
3. Yonif yang berstatus "BS" (Berdiri Sendiri), adalah Yonif yang tidak bergabung dalam Brigif, namun komandonya langsung dari Pangdam (setempat), karena biasanya Yonif tersebut adalah Yonif andalan, yang biasa disebut sebagai bataliyon pemukul Kodam. ContohYonif yang berstatus "BS", antara lain adalah Yonif 401/Banteng Raiders (Kodam IV/Diponegoro), Yonif 507/Sikatan (Kodam V/Brawijaya), Yonif Linud 733/Masariku (Kodam VIII/Trikora), Yonif Linud 100/Prajurit Setia (Kodam I/Bukit Barisan), dan lain-lain. Kategori lain adalah bataliyon yang di bawah komando Korem (Komando Resort Militer). Ini adalah kategori yang paling umum. Contoh Yonif 315/Garuda (di bawah Korem 061/Suryakencana, Bogor), Yonif 408/Subrastha (basis Kendal, di bawah Korem 073/Makutarama, Salatiga), Yonif 521 (basis Kediri, di bawah Korem 081/Dhirotsaha Jaya, Madiun), dan lain-lain.
4. Jumlah personil Yonif kurang lebih 700 hingga 1000 orang, Batalyon biasanya dipimpin seorang Mayor (senior) atau Letnan Kolonel.
5. Sedang untuk Bataliyon di luar infanteri, seperti Bataliyon Kavaleri (Yonkav), Bataliyon Artileri Medan (Yonarmed), Bataliyon Zeni Tempur (Yonzipur), Bataliyon Perbekalan dan Angkutan (Yonbekang), hitungan personelnya bukan sekadar orang per orang, namun jumlah kekuatan peralatannya dan anggota yang menjadi operator (awak) peralatan tersebut, misalnya Yonkav terdiri dari sekian tank atau sekian panser, Yonarmed terdiri dari sekian meriam, dan seterusnya. Jadi jumlah personelnya tidak sebanyak bataliyon infanteri biasa.
6. Bataliyon artileri ada dua macam, sesuai fungsinya: Bataliyon Artileri Medan (sasaran darat) dan Bataliyon Artileri Pertahanan Udara (sasaran udara).
7. Yonkav unsur persenjataan yang utama ada dua, yaitu tank dan panser. Ada Yonkav yang persenjataannya khusus panser atau khusus tank saja, atau gabungan antara keduanya. Contoh Yonkav yang persenjataannya hanya tank: Yonkav 1/Kostrad. Sedang khusus panser, contohnya Yonkav 7/Panser Khusus Kodam Jaya. Contoh yang gabungan: Yonkav 9/Serbu (Kodam Jaya), Yonkav 4/Serbu (Kodam III/Siliwangi). Yonkav yang berunsur gabungan panser dan tank, adalah bentuk yang paling umum.
BRIGADE
1. Satuan tempur di atas Batalyon, dan di bawah Divisi yang merupakan satuan dasar tempur terdiri dari unsur-unsur tempur (biasanya tiga Batalyon), unsur-unsur bantuan tempur dan unsur-unsur bantuan administrasi.
2. Brigade dapat berdiri sendiri atau merupakan bagian dari komando yang lebih besar (Divisi).
3. Jumlah kekuatan personelnya kurang lebih 3000 hingga 5000 personel.
Karena merupakan satuan tempur yang relatif besar (gabungan tiga bataliyon), maka ketika operasi pada tingkat brigade, kesatuan tersebut bisa bergerak sendiri, lengkap dengan unsur Bantuan Tempur (Banpur) dan Bantuan Administrasi (Banmin) sendiri. Koordinasi Banpur dan Banmin berada di bawah unit tersendiri, yaitu Detesemen Markas, dipimpin seorang Dandema.
4. Brigade Infanteri (Brigif) di lingkungan TNI ada beberapa macam, bisa berdasar garis komando, bisa berdasar kualifikasi.
§ Berdasar garis komando, ada Brigif yang berada di bawah :
Kodam [Brigif yang berada di bawah Kodam hanya ada dua, yaitu Brigif 1/Jaya Sakti (Kodam Jaya) dan Brigif 15/Kujang (Kodam III/Siliwangi)]
Kostrad [Brigif Linud 3 (Makassar), Brigif Linud 17/Kujang I (Jakarta), Brigif Linud 18/Trisula (Malang), Brigif 13/Galuh (Tasikmalaya), Brigif 9 (Jember), dan Brigif 6 (Solo)]
§ Berdasar kualifikasi, ada Brigif Lintas Udara (linud), dan Brigif Lintas Medan (Brigif biasa).
RESIMEN
1. Satuan militer di bawah Divisi yang terdiri dari beberapa Batalyon (biasanya 3 Batalyon).
2. Resimen merupakan satuan dengan kesenjataan yang sejenis, misalnya Resimen Arteleri Medan, Resimen Arhanud.
3. Resimen biasanya dipimpin seorang Kolonel.
4. Unsur-unsur satuan di bawah Resimen, hampir sama dengan Brigade. Tampaknya TNI lebih cenderung memakai sistem Brigade. Itu terlihat tidak adanya lagi satuan yang memakai sebutan Resimen, setidaknya di lingkungan Angkatan Darat. Terakhir, mungkin kita masih ingat, satuan yang pernah memakai nama resimen, adalah Kopassus, saat masih bernama Resimen Para Komando Angkatan Darat (RPKAD).
DIVISI
1. Satuan tempur militer terbesar, dengan kekuatan penuh. Maksudnya secara operasional, memilki kesatuan kesatuan tempur, berikut unsur pendukungnya, yaitu bantuan tempur dan bantuan administrasi, yang berada dalam garis komando Divisi tersebut, jadi tidak perlu mendatangkan dari komando lain di luar Divisi. Seperti Divisi Infanteri yang ada di Indonesia.
2. Angkatan Darat memiliki dua satuan setingkat Divisi, yang keduanya berada di bawah Kostrad, yaitu Divisi Infanteri 1 (markas di Cilodong, Bogor), dan Divisi Infanteri 2 (markas diSingosari, Malang). Divisi-divisi tersebut, selain memiliki unsur tempur sendiri (infanteri, kavaleri dan artileri), juga memiliki unsur bantuan tempur (Bataliyon Zeni, Bataliyon Perhubungan, dan Bataliyon Peralatan), dan unsur bantuan administrasi sendiri (perbekalan, angkutan, kesehatan, polisi militer, dll).
3. Divisi biasanya dipimpin oleh seorang Mayor Jendral.
DETASEMEN
Ada beberapa pengertian istilah Detasemen :
Kesatuan yang terdiri dari pasukan atau kapal-kapal yang diambil dari kesatuan yang lebih besar dikirim untuk suatu tugas khusus. Untuk Angkatan Darat, bisa berupa kendaraan lapis baja, seperti Detasemen Kavaleri.
Kesatuan tetap yang berkekuatan kurang lebih sebesar Peleton hingga Kompi yang dibentuk untuk tugas-tugas tertentu. Contoh: Detasemen Intel (Denintel) Kostrad, Denintel Kodam, Denma Brigif, Detasemen Polisi Militer, dan Detasemen 81/Anti Teror Kopassus (sebelum dilikuidasi). Untuk kategori ini komandannya, perwira berpangkat Mayor atau Letkol.
Nama tingkat kesatuan untuk organisasi kemarkasan tingkat Komando Utama ke atas. Contoh: Detasemen Markas (Denma) Markas Besar Angkatan Darat, Denma Mabes TNI, dan Denma Makodam. Komandannya biasanya berpangkat Kolonel (untuk Mabes), atau Letkol (untuk Makodam).
Source : Varius Source, Wikipedia
Beijing
The city wall of Beijing was a fortification built around 1435. It was 23.5 km long. The thickness at ground level was 20m and the top 12m. The wall was 15m high, and it had nine gates. This wall stood for nearly 530 years, but in 1965 it was removed to give way to 2nd Ring Road and the loop line subway of Beijing. Only in the southeast, just south of Beijing Railway Station, stands one part of the wall. Three gates of the city wall are also intact (Desheng Gate, the Yongding Gate and Zhengyang Gate.
Beijing was the capital city of the last three dynasties (the Yuan, Ming and Qing) as well as two northern dynasties (the Liao and Jin) in the history of China, as such, Beijing is often referred to as an "ancient capital of Five dynasties" . It had an extensive fortification system, consisting of the Palace city, the Imperial city, the inner city and the outer city. Specifically including the many gate towers, gates, archways, watchtowers, barbicans, barbican towers, barbican gates, barbican archways, sluice gates, sluice gate towers, enemy sighting towers, corner guard towers and moat. It had the most extensive defense system in Imperial China.
After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, Beijing's fortifications were dismantled one by one, the Palace city has remained largely intact, becoming the Palace Museum; the Imperial city only has Tian'anmen and several sections of imperial city wall remaining intact; the inner city with Zhengyangmen's gate tower and watchtower, Deshengmen's watchtower, the southeastern corner guard tower, and a section of the inner city wall near Chongwenmen remaining intact; and nothing of the outer city remaining intact, with Yongdingmen completely reconstructed in 2004.
Friday, May 8, 2009
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