A tsunami wave train that is caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water , such as an ocean. The original Japanese term literally translates as "harbor wave." Tsunamis are a frequent occurrence in Japan; approximately 195 events have been recorded. Due to the immense volumes of water and energy involved, tsunamis can devastate coastal regions. Casualties can be high because the waves move faster than humans can run.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (detonations of nuclear devices at sea), landslides and other mass movements, bolide impacts, and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
The Greek historian Thucydides was the first to relate tsunami to submarine earthquakes, but understanding of tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and is the subject of ongoing research.
Many early geological, geographical, and oceanographic texts refer to tsunamis as "seismic sea waves."
Some meteorological conditions, such as deep depressions that cause tropical cyclones, can generate a storm surge called a meteotsunami, which can raise tides several metres above normal levels. The displacement comes from low atmospheric pressure within the centre of the depression. As these storm surges reach shore, they may resemble (though are not) tsunamis, inundating vast areas of land. Such a storm surge inundated Burma (Myanmar) in May 2008
On 26th December 2004 at 00:58:54 UTC, an undersea earthquake occurred with its epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The energy it released was equivalent to around 475,000 tons (475 kilotons) of TNT explosive.
The entire planet Earth vibrated as much as 1cm, with other earthquakes being triggered over the globe, as far as Alaska.
The overall death toll reached over a staggering 225,000 people, plus more than 500,000 injured, from eleven different countries- parents, siblings, brothers and sisters were lost.
Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India were the worst hit.
On top of this, up to 5 million lost their homes or access to food and water, 1 million were left without the means to make a living.
The disaster triggered a worldwide humanitarian response, with more than $7 billion in humanitarian aid being donated.
The recovery process is those parts worst hit still continues in placesThe Asian tsunami of December 26th, 2004 was undoubtedly one of the worst disasters in history.
A tsunami can be generated when convergent or destructive plate boundaries abruptly move and vertically displace the overlying water. It is very unlikely that they can form at divergent (constructive) or conservative plate boundaries. This is because constructive or conservative boundaries do not generally disturb the vertical displacement of the water column. Subduction zone related earthquakes generate the majority of all tsunamis.
Tsunamis have a small amplitude (wave height) offshore, and a very long wavelength (often hundreds of kilometers long), which is why they generally pass unnoticed at sea, forming only a slight swell usually about 300 millimetres (12 in) above the normal sea surface. They grow in height when they reach shallower water, in a wave shoaling process described below. A tsunami can occur in any tidal state and even at low tide can still inundate coastal areas.
On April 1, 1946, a magnitude-7.8 (Richter Scale) earthquake occurred near the Aleutia Islands, Alaska It generated a tsunami which inundated Hilo on the island of Hawai'i with a 14 metres (46 ft) high surge. The area where the earthquake occurred is where the Pacific Ocean floor is subducting (or being pushed downwards) under Alaska.
Examples of tsunami at locations away from convergent boundaries include Storegga about 8,000 years ago, Grand Banks 1929, Papua New Guinea 1998 (Tappin, 2001). The Grand Banks and Papua New Guinea tsunamis came from earthquakes which destabilized sediments, causing them to flow into the ocean and generate a tsunami. They dissipated before traveling transoceanic distances.
The cause of the Storegga sediment failure is unknown. Possibilities include an overloading of the sediments, an earthquake or a release of gas hydrates (methane etc.)
The 1960 Valdivia earthquake (Mw 9.5) (19:11 hrs UTC), 1964 Alaska earthquake (Mw 9.2), and 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake (Mw 9.2) (00:58:53 UTC) are recent examples of powerful megathrust earthquakes that generated tsunamis (known as teletsunamis that can cross entire oceans. Smaller (Mw 4.2) earthquakes in Japan can trigger tsunamis (called local and regional tsunamis) that can only devastate nearby coasts, but can do so in only a few minutes.
In the 1950s, it was hypothesised that larger tsunamis than had previously been believed possible may be caused by landslides, explosive volcanic eruptions (e.g., Santorini and Krakatau), and impact events when they contact water. These phenomena rapidly displace large water volumes, as energy from falling debris or expansion transfers to the water at a rate faster than the water can absorb. The media dub them megatsunami.
Tsunamis caused by these mechanisms, unlike the trans-oceanic tsunami, may dissipate quickly and rarely affect distant coastlines due to the small sea area affected. These events can give rise to much larger local shock waves (solitons), such as the landslide at the head of Lituya Bay 1958, which produced a wave with an initial surge estimated at 524 metres (1,720 ft). However, an extremely large landslide might generate a megatsunami that can travel trans-oceanic distances, although there is no geological evidence to support this hypothesis.
Source : Various Source
GEOGLOBE
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Tsunami Disaster
Thursday, October 22, 2009
Monday, October 19, 2009
Sunday, October 18, 2009
Drawn or Blocked "BATIK"
DRAWN or BLOCK “BATIK”
BATIK HAS BEEN worn by Javanese and Sundanese women since nobody knows when, fact is the combinations of batik and kebaya has become our traditional and national dress. On formal occasions, Indonesian ladies always wear batik and kebaya at home as well as abroad.
This Batik, in tha form of kain a broad length of cloth consist of unlimited kinds of pattern, each with its own name.So the name of batik cloth is known from its particular basic pattern. Hence there are batik “kawung” , which is bears the design of palm leaves, batik parang rusak, which can be recognized by its pattern of kris (ancient dagger) set in rows in diagonal columns, batik gringsing, and many others.
Official delegations from the Malaysian government congratulated Indonesia over the handmade batik that had just been listed as world heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik said on Friday.
UNESCO has officially declared that Indonesia's batik as one of the world heritage during a ceremony in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. "Delegations from Malaysia came to Abu Dhabi (to attend the UNESCO ceremony). They congratulated Indonesia's delegations after the ceremony," Jero told Antara news agency during the inauguration of People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) members.
He said that all 114 UNESCO member countries had agreed that batik was Indonesia's contribution to world heritage.Jero said that he was very happy and proud after noticing that Malaysia had congratulated Indonesia over the batik.. Jero suggested that Indonesia citizens wear batik all the time.
"After batik, our next job is angklung and gamelan (Indonesia's traditional music instruments)," he said.
Prior to batik, UNESCO has also named keris (a traditional Javanese dagger) and wayang (puppets) as Indonesia's world heritage. Indonesia had competed against other batik producing countries, like Malaysia, to be included on UNESCO's world heritage list.
Friday, October 16, 2009
Thursday, October 15, 2009
HONEY
Honey bees form nectar into honey by a process of regurgitation and store it as a food source in wax honeycombs inside the beehive. Beekeeping practices encourage overproduction of honey so that the excess can be taken without endangering the bee colony.
Honey gets its sweetness from the monosaccharides fructose and glucose and has proximately the same relative sweetness as that of granulated sugar (97% of the sweetness of sucrose, a disaccharide. It has attractive chemical properties for baking, and a distinctive flavor which leads some people to prefer it over sugar and other sweeteners.Most micro-organisms do not grow in honey because of its low water activity of 0.6.However, honey frequently contains dormant endospores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which can be dangerous to infants as the endospores can transform into toxin-producing bacteria in the infant's immature intestinal tract, leading to illness and even death (see Potential health hazardsbelow).
Honey has a long history as a comestible and is used in various foods and beverages as a sweetener and flavoring. It also has a role in religion and symbolism. Flavors of honey vary based on the nectar source, and various types and grades of honey are available. It is also used in various medicinal traditions to treat ailments. The study of pollens and spores in raw honey (melissopalynology)can determine floral sources of honey.Because bees carry an electrostatic charge, and can attract other particles, the same techniques of melissopalynology can be used in area environmental studies of radioactive particles, dust or particulate pollution.
Honey is created by bees as a food source. In cold weather or when food sources are scarce, bees use their stored honey as their source of energy. By contriving for bee swarms to nest in artificial hives, people have been able to semi-domesticate the insects, and harvest excess honey. In the hive there are three types of bee: a single female queen bee, a seasonally variable number of male drone bees to fertilize new queens, and some 20,000 to 40,000 female worker bees. The worker bees raise larvae and collect the nectar that will become honey in the hive. Leaving the hive, they collect sugar-rich flower nectar and return. In the process, they release Nasonov pheromones. These pheromones lead other bees to rich nectar sites by "smell". Honeybees also release Nasonov pheromones at the entrance to the hive, which enables returning bees to return to the proper hive.
In the hive the bees use their "honey stomachs" to ingest and regurgitate the nectar a number of times until it is partially digested. The bees work together as a group with the regurgitation and digestion until the product reaches a desired quality. It is then stored in honeycomb cells. After the final regurgitation, the honeycomb is left unsealed. However, the nectar is still high in both water content and natural yeasts which, unchecked, would cause the sugars in the nectar to ferment. The process continues as bees inside the hive fan their wings, creating a strong draft across the honeycomb which enhances evaporation of much of the water from the nectar This reduction in water content raises the sugar concentration and prevents fermentation. Ripe honey, as removed from the hive by a beekeeper, has a long shelf life and will not ferment if properly sealed.
Honey use and production has a long and varied history. In many cultures, honey has associations that go beyond its use as a food. Honey is frequently a talisman and symbol of sweetness.]
Religious significance
In Jewish tradition, honey is a symbol for the new year—Rosh Hashana. At the traditional meal for that holiday, apple slices are dipped in honey and eaten to bring a sweet new year. Some Rosh Hashana greetings show honey and an apple, symbolizing the feast. In some congregations, small straws of honey are given out to usher in the new year.
In Islam, there is an entire Surah in the Qur'an called al-Nahl (the Honey Bee). According to hadith, Prophet Muhammad strongly recommended honey for healing purposes. The Qur'an also promotes honey as a nutritious and healthy food:
"And thy Lord taught the bee to build its cells in hills, on trees and in (men's) habitations…there issues from within their bodies a drink of varying colors, wherein is healing for mankind. Verily in this is a Sign for those who give thought".
In Buddhism, honey plays an important role in the festival of Madhu Purnima, celebrated by Buddhists in India and Bangladesh. The day commemorates Buddha's making peace among his disciples by retreating into the wilderness. The legend has it that while he was there, a monkey brought him honey to eat. On Madhu Purnima, Buddhists remember this act by giving honey to monks. The monkey's gift is frequently depicted in Buddhist art.
The Hebrew Bibl contains many references to honey. In The Book of Judges, Samson found a swarm of bees and honey in the carcass of a lion (14:8). The Book of Exodus famously describes the Promised Land as a "land flowing with milk and honey" (33:3). However, the claim has been advanced that the original Hebrew (devash) actually refers to the sweet syrup produced from the juice of the date.
In the Christian New Testament, Matthew 3:4, John the Baptist is said to have lived for a long period of time in the wilderness on a diet consisting of locusts and wild honey.
Source: various source
Thursday, October 8, 2009
detikcom : Ledakan di Bone Diduga Meteorit Besar Jenis Bola Api
title : Ledakan di Bone Diduga Meteorit Besar Jenis Bola Api
summary : Ledakan disertai getaran yang cukup kuat yang terjadi di Kabupaten Bone, Sulawasi Selatan, diduga merupakan meteorit besar jenis bola api. (read more)
detikcom : 10 Makanan Yang Bisa Memicu Sakit!
title : 10 Makanan Yang Bisa Memicu Sakit!
summary : Ada beberapa jenis makanan yang memungkinkan memicu timbulnya penyakit. Apakah semua sayuran berdaun hijau, telur, dan tuna bisa membuat badan sakit? Temukan jawabannya di sini! (read more)
detikcom : Mengenal Penipuan dan Pencurian Identitas Online
title : Mengenal Penipuan dan Pencurian Identitas Online
summary : Pencurian online merupakan salah satu tindak kriminal di dunia maya. Apa yang harus dilakukan dan apa yang harus dihindari agar tidak menjadi korban? (read more)
detikcom : Direktur FBI Nyaris Jadi Korban Penipuan Online
title : Direktur FBI Nyaris Jadi Korban Penipuan Online
summary : Direktur FBI Robert Mueller mengaku dirinya hampir terperangkap penipuan online. Akibatnya, Mueller dilarang mengakses internet banking. (read more)
Wednesday, October 7, 2009
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
detikcom : Warna-Warni yang Bikin Sehat
title : Warna-Warni yang Bikin Sehat
summary : Apakah Anda yakin apa yang Anda makan selama ini bikin tubuh sehat? Ternyata ada cara jitu untuk menjamin pasokan nutrisi tubuh. Cukup bermain dengan warna-warni sayuran dan buah segar yang Anda konsumsi. Bagaimana bisa? (read more)
detikcom : Ubah Kebiasaan Makan Anda!
title : Ubah Kebiasaan Makan Anda!
summary : Hidup sehat tidak hanya dari jeli memilih jenis makanan, tapi juga kebiasaan makannya harus ikut dicermati. Berapa besar porsi yang harus dimakan, pukul berapa harus makan, hingga berapa jenis makanan yang sebaiknya dihindari. (read more)
detikcom : 7 Makanan Penggempur Kolesterol
title : 7 Makanan Penggempur Kolesterol
summary : Pusing dengan kadar kolesterol yang tak pernah beranjak turun? Seusai pesta makan enak selama Lebaran, ada baiknya benahi segera menu makan Anda. Tujuh jenis makanan ini� patut dikonsumsi karena terbukti bisa menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Apa saja makanan itu? (read more)
detikcom : 5 Makanan Pembakar Lemak
title : 5 Makanan Pembakar Lemak
summary : Sudah olah raga dan senam� tetapi lemak di perut dan sekitarnya tak mau hilang juga? Selain latihan, coba barengi dengan makanan pembakar lemak berikut ini. Lemak membandel pun akan segera pergi dari bagian tubuh Anda. Mau coba? (read more)
detikcom : Madu Membuat Langsing!
title : Madu Membuat Langsing!
summary : Madu memang dipercaya sebagai pertolongan pertama untuk penyembuhan ataupun sebagai suplemen penambah stamina sejak dulu.� Tapi kini tak hanya itu saja yang menjadi menjadi khasiat madu. Madu membantu program penurunan berat badan? Bagaimana bisa? (read more)
detikcom : IMF Jual 403 Ton Emas Senilai US$ 13 Miliar
title : IMF Jual 403 Ton Emas Senilai US$ 13 Miliar
summary : IMF akan menjual 403 ton emasnya yang bernilai sekitar US$ 13 miliar. Dana dari hasil penjualan emas itu akan digunakan untuk meningkatkan jumlah pinjaman ke negara-negara miskin. (read more)
detikcom : Cetak Rekor Tertinggi, Harga Emas Kian Kinclong
title : Cetak Rekor Tertinggi, Harga Emas Kian Kinclong
summary : Harga emas kembali mencetak rekor tertingginya, setelah negara-negara Arab dikabarkan mendepak dolar dan menggantinya dengan kumpulan mata uang dan emas untuk membayar transaksi minyaknya. (read more)
detikcom : Uniknya Bersantap Bakso Kupat
title : Uniknya Bersantap Bakso Kupat
summary : Ternyata ketupat tidak hanya berakhir menjadi ketupat sayur saja. Buktinya rumah makan yang satu ini berhasil memadukan ketupat dengan bakso. Hmm... seperti apa rasanya hidangan unik ini? Buktikan sendiri saja yuk! (read more)
detikcom : Unik Lezat Soerabi Kolor Ijo
title : Unik Lezat Soerabi Kolor Ijo
summary : Soerabi dari Bandung ini ditawarkan dalam puluhan jenis topping yang berbeda, mulai dari yang standar berupa cokelat, keju, hingga blueberry, sosis, dan apel. Teksturnya lembut, empuk dan wangi dengan dua pilihan yaitu soerabi salju dan kolor ijo. Penasaran? (read more)
detikcom : Nostalgia Cita Rasa Tempo Doeloe
title : Nostalgia Cita Rasa Tempo Doeloe
summary : Rumah makan sekaligus toko kue yang menyajikan kue-kue kuno ini memang sangat mengundang selera. Mulai dari bangunan tua hingga berbagai hidangannya khas Belanda yang ditawarkan. Pengunjung pun serasa diajak bernostalgia mengulang cita rasa tempo doeloe! (read more)
Monday, October 5, 2009
detikcom : 10 Kiat Menyantap Sayur dan Buah Segar
title : 10 Kiat Menyantap Sayur dan Buah Segar
summary : Sayuran dan buah merupakan sumber vitamin dan mineral yang bisa meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Untuk menangkal virus flu terutama flu babi, konsumsi buah dan sayur segar sangat penting. Coba ikuti 10 kiat praktis meningkatkan konsumsi buah dan sayur segar ini! (read more)
detikcom : 8 Makanan Penting Dimakan Tiap Hari
title : 8 Makanan Penting Dimakan Tiap Hari
summary : Kesehatan merupakan harta yang tak ternilai bagi seseorang, karenanya harus dijaga sebaik mungkin. Untuk mendapat tubuh yang sehat makanan yang kita konsumsi sehari-hari sangatlah penting. Apa saja makanan yang sebaiknya dikonsumsi sehari-hari? Berikut info lengkapnya! (read more)
detikcom : Inilah Simbol Plastik Aman Untuk Makanan!
title : Inilah Simbol Plastik Aman Untuk Makanan!
summary : Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari plastik memiliki peran sangat penting, sebagai wadah pembungkus, botol minum, hingga mainan. Namun tahukah Anda tidak semua plastik aman? Berikut simbol-simbol plastik yang aman untuk makanan! (read more)
detikcom : Menakar Dampak El Nino ke Kinerja Emiten Perkebunan
title : Menakar Dampak El Nino ke Kinerja Emiten Perkebunan
summary : El nino menghampiri Indonesia, sehingga pemerintah pun sudah mulai membuat langkah antisipasi. Bagaimana pengaruh el nino tersebut terhadap kinerja saham-saham perkebunan? (read more)
detikcom : Gulungan Laba Kue Gulung
title : Gulungan Laba Kue Gulung
summary : Kemampuan mengemas bisnis terkadang bisa menjadi kunci keberhasilan seorang pengusaha. Begitu yang dialami oleh Sugiono yang sukses mengemas bisnis kue gulung. (read more)
detikcom : Bisnis Kue Kering Beromset Miliaran Rupiah
title : Bisnis Kue Kering Beromset Miliaran Rupiah
summary : Bisnis kue kering memang tak pernah kering. Bahkan menjelang hari perayaan hari besar seperti Lebaran, bisnis kue kering justru harus siap menerima order beromset miliaran rupiah. (read more)
detikcom : Bisnis Pilihan untuk Pensiunan
title : Bisnis Pilihan untuk Pensiunan
summary : Karyawan yang memasuki usia pensiun banyak mengalami kebimbangan untuk memulai usaha. Mereka bimbang menentukan bisnis apa yang akan mereka geluti setelah tak lagi aktif. Apa saja bisnis yang cocok untuk pensiunan? (read more)
detikcom : Mantan Menkeu Jepang Tewas
title : Mantan Menkeu Jepang Tewas
summary : Mantan Menteri Keuangan Jepang, Shoici Nakagawa ditemukan tewas di kediamannya. Nakagawa merupakan menteri yang akhirnya mengundurkan diri karena dituding mabuk saat jumpa pers usai pertemuan G8. (read more)
detikcom : Jual 1 Tokek Bisa Beli Honda Jazz & Nabung Ratusan Juta
title : Jual 1 Tokek Bisa Beli Honda Jazz & Nabung Ratusan Juta
summary : Satu ekor tokek dengan berat 2 ons dihargai Rp 50 -100 juta. Kalau beratnya 3 - 4 ons bisa mencapai ratusan juta rupiah. Harga tokek bisa mencapai miliaran jika beratnya di atas 1 kilogram. (read more)
